引用本文: 曹小玉，李际平，委霞. 亚热带典型林分空间结构与林下草本物种多样性的差异特征分析及其关联度. 草业科学, 2019, 36(10): 2466-2475. doi: shu

Citation: CAO X Y, LI J P, WEI X. Analysis of the difference and correlation between the spatial structure and understory herbaceous species diversity of typical subtropical forests. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(10): 2466-2475. doi: shu

亚热带典型林分空间结构与林下草本物种多样性的差异特征分析及其关联度

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BG视讯 zhongnanlinyekejidaxuelinxueyuan，hunan zhangsha 410004

通讯作者: 曹小玉,

基金项目: 湖南省自然科学基金面上项目(2018JJ2673)；林学重点学科开放基金项目(2016ZD06)；多功能森林经营湖南金洞林场样板基地作业法研究及示范(1692017-6)；中南林业科技大学人才引进项目(2016YJ075)

摘要: 林分空间结构对林下草本物种多样性有显著的影响。为明确其影响林下草本物种多样性的主导因子，以亚热带杉木纯林、杉木混交林和天然次生林为研究对象，在量化分析3种林分的空间结构指数和林下草本物种多样性指数差异特征的基础上，采用灰色关联度分析林分空间结构和林下草本物种多样性的关系。结果表明: 1)天然次生林的树种隔离程度、林层多样性、竞争态势和林木空间分布格局整体上最优，杉木混交林次之，杉木纯林最差。2)天然次生林、杉木混交林和杉木纯林的林下草本物种丰富度、Simpson多样性指数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Simpson均匀性指数和Pielou均匀度5个指数都表现出天然次生林 > 杉木混交林 > 杉木纯林的规律。3)影响杉木纯林、杉木混交林和天然次生林林下草本物种多样性的共同空间结构因子是混交度。因此，欲提高杉木纯林和混交林的林下草本物种多样性，可选择通过改善树种结构的人为干扰措施来实现。

关键词:

English

Analysis of the difference and correlation between the spatial structure and understory herbaceous species diversity of typical subtropical forests

college of forestry, central south university of forestry & technology, changsha 410004, hunan, china

Corresponding author: Xiaoyu CAO,

Received Date: 2018-12-27
Available Online: 2019-10-01

Abstract: The spatial structure of a forest has a remarkable effect on the diversity of the understory herbaceous species. To clarify the dominant factors that affect the species diversity of understory herbaceous vegetation, a subtropical pure Chinese fir plantation, mixed Chinese fir plantation, and natural secondary forest were used. On the basis of the quantitative analysis of three kinds of stand spatial structure index and understory herbaceous species diversity index of different characteristics, the main spatial structure factors influencing the understory herbaceous species diversity were excavated using grey relational analysis. The results showed that: 1) In terms of the tree species isolation degree, forest layer diversity, competition situation, and forest spatial distribution pattern, the natural secondary forest was the best, followed by the mixed Chinese fir plantation and then the pure Chinese fir plantation. 2) In the five indexes of species richness (Simpson diversity, Shannon-Wiener diversity, Simpson evenness, and Pielou evenness), a regularity showed that natural secondary forest > mixed plantation > pure plantation. 3) The degree of mixing was the common key factor affecting the diversity of the understory herbaceous species in the pure Chinese fir plantation, mixed Chinese fir plantation, and natural secondary forest. Therefore, to improve the diversity of the understory herbaceous species in pure Chinese fir and mixed Chinese fir plantations, to some extent, it is acceptable to use artificial interference measures, such as regulating the tree species structure.

Key words:

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BG视讯

图 1 BG视讯林木点数据生成的Voronoi图

Figure 1. Voronoi diagram based on the tree data

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 BG视讯 3种林分的空间结构指数

Figure 2. Spatial structure index of the 3 stand types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 3种林分的林下草本物种多样性指数

Figure 3. Understory herbaceous species diversity index of the 3 stand types

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 各样地基本概况

Table 1. BG视讯 Basic conditions of the sample plots

林分类型 Stand type	样地号 Plot code	林龄 Stand age	树种组成 Species composition	株数密度 Stand density/ (plant·hm²)	平均胸径 DBH/cm	平均树高 Height/m	平均冠幅 Average crown/m²	郁闭度 Crown density
杉木纯林 Pure Chinese fir plantation	1	6	9杉木1马褂木	3 054	3.58	2.69	0.78	0.42
	2	6	9杉木1柳杉	3 154	3.45	2.54	0.82	0.45
	3	14	10杉木 + 柳杉	2 617	9.52	6.74	3.74	0.67
	4	14	10杉木 + 柳杉	2 839	9.81	7.32	4.05	0.71
	5	22	10杉木 + 苦楝	2 267	15.23	12.19	7.53	0.78
	6	22	10杉木 + 毛竹	2 307	14.90	12.57	7.92	0.80
杉木混交林 Mixed Chinese fir plantation	7	7	5杉木3木荷2柳杉	2 897	4.61	3.14	0.75	0.34
	8	7	5杉木3木荷2柳杉	2 963	5.21	3.78	0.94	0.38
	9	13	5杉木3栾树2深山含笑	2 179	10.18	5.92	4.12	0.59
	10	13	5杉木3栾树2深山含笑	2 252	12.09	6.51	4.39	0.51
	11	24	6杉木3毛竹 1马褂木	1 487	16.3	11.39	8.78	0.80
	12	24	6杉木3毛竹 1马褂木	1 502	12.5	9.23	7.92	0.78
天然次生林 Natural secondary forest	13	20	4亮叶水青冈3山槐3山乌桕	2 789	5.86	9.47	2.96	0.79
	14	20	5亮叶水青冈3山槐2山乌桕	2 614	6.12	9.54	3.02	0.82
	15	20	3巴东栎3白檀2茉莉花2山乌桕	2 234	12.79	7.12	3.45	0.89
	16	20	4巴东栎3白檀2茉莉花1山乌桕	2 514	13.02	7.93	3.51	0.90
	17	20	5青冈栎4茉莉花1冬青	2 431	12.55	8.12	3.39	0.87
	18	20	5青冈栎4茉莉花1冬青	2 683	11.97	7.69	3.07	0.85
杉木 Cunninghamia lanceolata；马褂木 Liriodendron chinense；柳杉 Cryptomeria fortunei；苦楝 Melia azedarach；毛竹 Phyllostachys heterocycla；木荷 Schima superba；栾树 Koelreuteria paniculata；深山含笑 Michelia maudiae；亮叶水青冈 Fagus lucida；山槐 Albizia kalkora；山乌桕 Sapium discolor；巴东栎 Quercus engleriana；白檀 Symplocos paniculata；茉莉花 Jasminum sambac；青冈栎 Cyclobalanopsis glauca；冬青 Ilex chinensis。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 林分空间结构与林下草本物种多样性的灰色关联度及其排序

Table 2. Correlativity and sort of the understory herbaceous species diversity and stand spatial structure

林分类型 Stand type	林分空间结构指标 Stand spatial structure index	物种丰富度 Species richness		Simpson 多样性指数 Simpson diversity index		Shannon-Wiener 多样性指数 Shannon-Wiener index		Simpson 均匀性指数 Simpson Evenness index		Pielou 均匀度指数 Pielou uniformity index
林分类型 Stand type	林分空间结构指标 Stand spatial structure index	数值 numerical Order	排序 Order	数值 numerical Order	排序 Order	数值 numerical Order	排序 Order	数值 numerical Order	排序 Order	数值 numerical Order	排序 Order
杉木纯林 Pure Chinese fir plantation	混交度 Mingling degree	0.614 8	1	0.692 6	1	0.640 7	2	0.670 8	1	0.613 8	2
	角尺度 Uniform angle index	0.465 8	4	0.661 6	2	0.654 9	1	0.662 5	2	0.659 3	1
	林层指数 Storey index	0.492 0	2	0.585 1	4	0.608 5	4	0.580 7	4	0.588 0	4
	竞争指数 Competition index	0.484 8	3	0.627 5	3	0.628 2	3	0.624 4	3	0.601 0	3
杉木混交林 Mixed Chinese fir plantation	混交度 Mingling degree	0.694 4	1	0.562 8	2	0.596 0	1	0.552 5	2	0.582 1	1
	角尺度 Uniform angle index	0.505 9	4	0.459 6	4	0.538 7	4	0.450 1	4	0.490 3	4
	林层指数 Storey index	0.667 7	2	0.527 6	3	0.570 8	3	0.519 5	3	0.535 1	3
	竞争指数 Competition index	0.606 2	3	0.570 1	1	0.595 6	2	0.564 7	1	0.558 1	2
天然次生林 Natural secondary forest	混交度 Mingling degree	0.622 2	1	0.657 6	3	0.665 7	2	0.654 9	2	0.645 5	1
	角尺度 Uniform angle index	0.531 4	2	0.684 2	1	0.673 3	1	0.676 1	1	0.620 2	2
	林层指数 Storey index	0.504 0	3	0.666 9	2	0.647 2	3	0.652 4	3	0.578 7	3
	竞争指数 Competition index	0.446 7	4	0.516 2	4	0.434 0	4	0.516 1	4	0.531 2	4