地区 Region | 面积 Area/hm2 | 种植模式 Plantation pattern | 品种 Variety | 每季播种量 Seeding rate per season/ (kg·hm–2) | 施肥次数(春/秋) Fertilizer frequency (spring/autumn) | 施药次数 Pesticide frequency (spring/autumn) | 播种日期(春/秋) Sowing date (spring/autumn)/(MM-DD) |
黄冈 Huanggang | 133.3 | 麦-青-甜 W-S-Sw | 郑单958、青贮1号 Zhengdan 958、Qingzhu 1 | 30.0 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 05-10/08-10 |
8.0 | 麦-青-青 W-S-S | 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 | 37.5 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 05-15/09-01 | |
153.3 | 小麦-青 W-S | 西农系列、华玉10、双玉11 Xinong series、Huayu 10、Shuangyu 11 | 22.5~37.5 | 3/2 | 2/2 | 05-07/08-10 | |
13.3 | 青-青 S-S | 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 | 37.5 | 3/2 | 2/2 | 04-20−25/08-10−12 | |
266.7 | 麦-青-青 W-S-S | 郑单958 Zhengdan 958 | 30.0~37.5 | 2/2 | 3/3 | 05-15/07-28 | |
313.3 | 麦-青-青 W-S-S | 青贮1号 Qingzhu 1 | 30.0~37.5 | 2/2 | 3/3 | 04-25−05-05/07-28−08-05 | |
100.0 | 麦-青 W-S | 雅玉8号、冬单80号 Yayu 8、Dongdan 80 | 37.5 | 2/2 | 2/2 | 04-25/08-05 | |
荆门 Jingmen | 200.0 | 菜-青-青 V-S-S | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 45.0 | 1/1 | 3/3 | 03-28−04-15/07-05−07-15 |
26.7 | 菜-菜-青 V-V-S | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 45.0 | 1 | 3 | 03-28/04-15 | |
53.3 | 牧-青 Fo-S | 青贮1号 Qingzhu 1 | 30.0 | 1 | 0 | 04-15 | |
133.3 | 青-青 S-S | 雅玉8号、奥玉5102 Yayu 8、Aoyu 5102 | 37.5 | 2/2 | 1/1 | 04-15/07-15 | |
356.7 | 麦/油-青 W/R-S | 奥玉5102、雅玉8号 Aoyu 5102、Yayu 8 | 30.0 | 2/0 | 3 | 06-05 | |
襄阳 Xiangyang | 133.3 | 牧-青-青 Fo-S-S | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 26.3 | 2/2 | 3/3 | 04-05/07-15 |
20.0 | 油-青 R-S | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 3 | 05-25 | |
6.7 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 3 | 05-25 | |
13.3 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 4 | 05-25 | |
13.3 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 2 | 05-25 | |
10.0 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 2 | 05-25 | |
8.0 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 2 | 05-25 | |
14.7 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 2 | 05-25 | |
7.3 | 青-闲 S-Fa | 奥玉5102 Aoyu 5102 | 30.0 | 2 | 4 | 05-25 | |
麦、甜、牧、菜、青、油、闲分别为小麦、甜玉米、牧草、蔬菜、青贮玉米、油菜、闲田的简写。施肥次数、施药次数、播种期3个指标中“/”前后分别表示第1季和第2季。 Wheat, sweet corn, forage, vegetables, silage corn, rape and fallow were abbreviated to W, Sw, Fo, V, S, R, and Fa, respectively. The numbers before and after the“/”indicate the fertilization, pesticide application and seeding dates for the first and second seasons, respectively. |

Citation: XU X Y, ZHANG M M, ZHOU J X, XIANG L B, YUAN J F, PENG C L. Investigation of silage corn production based on the new management entity in Hubei Province. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(10): 2693-2702. doi:

基于新型经营主体的湖北省青贮玉米生产状况调查
English
Investigation of silage corn production based on the new management entity in Hubei Province
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Key words:
- new management entity /
- silage corn /
- production /
- cost-benefit
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BG视讯
表 1 青贮玉米生产状况基本信息
Table 1. Basic information concerning silage corn production
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 BG视讯 施肥状况
Table 2. Fertilization application
kg·hm–2 地区
Region施肥
Fertilization第1季 First season 第2季 Second season 氮
Nitrogen (N)磷
Phosphorus (P2O5)钾
Potassium (K2O)氮
Nitrogen (N)磷
Phosphorus (P2O5)钾
Potassium (K2O)黄冈Huanggang 基肥
Basic fertilizer124.6 ± 23.1 124.6 ± 23.1 124.6 ± 23.1 129.8 ± 23.7 129.8 ± 23.7 129.8 ± 23.7 追肥
Additional fertilizer94.9 ± 57.3
(100%)50.0 ± 21.1
(30.4%)37.1 ± 15.4
(29.0%)109.5 ± 62.8
(100%)51.0 ± 29.7
(20.0%)26.3 ± 9.4
(18.1%)总施肥量
Total fertilizer219.5 ± 55.1 146.0 ± 33.0 135.2 ± 28.8 239.2 ± 63.3 150.2 ± 35.8 135.0 ± 34.8 荆门 Jingmen 基肥
Basic fertilizer118.5 ± 17.9 109.5 ± 11.4 108.0 ± 10.1 131.3 ± 26.3 101.3 ± 15.9 101.3 ± 15.9 追肥
Additional fertilizer155.3 ± 24.4
(63.6%)– – 138.0 ± 18.5
(40%)– – 总施肥量
Total fertilizer180.6 ± 93.3 109.5 ± 11.4 108.0 ± 10.1 200.3 ± 124.1 101.3 ± 15.9 101.3 ± 15.9 襄阳 Xiangyang 基肥
Basic fertilizer270.0 ± 35.6 78.5 ± 40.3 78.5 ± 40.3 240.0 ± 29.5 112.5 ± 10.3 112.5 ± 10.3 追肥
Additional fertilizer72.1 ± 6.1
(100%)– – 69.0 ± 18.7
(100%)– – 总施肥量
Total fertilizer342.1 ± 36.4 78.5 ± 40.3 78.5 ± 40.3 309.0 ± 32.7 112.5 ±10.3 112.5 ±10.3 平均施肥量
Average fertilizer262.8 ± 91.4 108.4 ± 43.6 104.4 ± 39.5 238.2 ± 69.0 133.2 ± 38.2 123.8 ± 31.3 括号内数字表示追肥面积占当季玉米面积的比例。
The numbers in brackets indicates the proportion of topdressing area to corn area in the current season.下载: 导出CSV
表 3 施药状况
Table 3. Pesticide application
农药类型
Pesticide type第1季 First season (1 984.7 hm2) 第2季 Second season (1 201.3 hm2) 有效成分
Active ingredient占本季调查面积比例
Proportion in first season/%有效成分
Active ingredient占本季调查面积比例
Proportion in second season/%除草剂
Herbicide莠去津 Atrazine 80.75 莠去津 Atrazine 96.11 烟嘧磺隆
Nicosulfuron67.92 烟嘧磺隆
Nicosulfuron97.23 乙草胺 Acetochlor 31.61 乙草胺 Acetochlor 37.18 草甘膦 Glyphosate 15.78 草甘膦 Glyphosate 26.08 杀虫剂
Insecticide苏云金杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis 43.70 苏云金杆菌 Bacillus thuringiensis 60.49 阿维菌素 Abamectin 9.71 阿维菌素 Abamectin – 吡虫啉 Imidacloprid 30.29 吡虫啉 Imidacloprid 47.84 辛硫磷 Phoxim 8.43 辛硫磷 Phoxim 11.10 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin 2.32 甲氰菊酯Fenpropathrin – 三唑磷 Triazophos 2.32 三唑磷 Triazophos – 毒死蜱 Chlorpyrifos 1.00 毒死蜱 Chlorpyrifos – 杀菌剂Fungicide 多菌灵 Carbendazim 2.34 多菌灵 Carbendazim 16.64 已唑醇 esaconazole 2.34 已唑醇 Hesaconazole 16.64 三唑酮 Triadimefon 1.78 三唑酮 Triadimefon – 下载: 导出CSV
表 4 机械化状况
Table 4. BG视讯 Mechanization
种植过程
Cultivation process作业项目 Process 作业面积占调查面积比例
The proportion of the process
area to the survey area/%机械化程度占作业比例
The proportion of the mechanization
to the process/%整地 Preparation 旋耕 Rotary tillage 100.00 100.00 深翻 Deep tillage 70.61 70.98 开沟 Ditching 85.89 90.61 施肥 Fertilization 基施有机肥
Basic organic fertilizer39.64 23.73 基施化肥
Basic chemical fertilizer100.00 95.30 追施化肥
Topdressing fertilizer87.24 55.26 播种 Seeding 播种 Seeding 100.00 97.31 施药
Pesticide application播期喷药
Spraying in sowing32.25 100.00 苗期喷药
Spraying in seedling97.31 100.00 喇叭口期喷药
Spraying in bell mouth period67.35 100.00 收获与运输
Harvesting and transportation收获 Harvesting 100.00 99.33 运输 Transportation 100.00 99.33 下载: 导出CSV
表 5 年产量、产值及经济效益
Table 5. Annual output value and economic benefits
地区
Region地租
Rent/
(CNY·hm–2)整地
Soil Preparation/
(CNY·hm–2)种子
Seed/
(CNY·hm–2)肥料
Fertilizer/
(CNY·hm–2)农药
Pesticide/
(CNY·hm–2)收割与运输
Harvesting and
transportation/
(CNY·hm–2)产量
Yield/
(t·hm–2)成本
Cost/
(CNY·hm–2)纯利润
Net profit/
(CNY·hm–2)黄冈
Huanggang4 500~9 000 900~1 050 600~750 1 650~1 950 225~300 1 800~2 250 60~75 14 800~21 600 16 200~22 500 荆门
Jingmen7 500~10 500 1 050~1 200 600~750 1 800~2 250 300~375 1 200~1 500 96~111 17 400~22 650 17 760~22 200 襄阳
Xiangyang3 750~5 250 1 500~1 800 750~900 1 950~3 000 375~450 1 500~2 250 84~96 15 900~22 050 14 940~21 885 平均
Average6 750 1 250 725 2 100 337.5 1 750 87 19 075 19 247.5 下载: 导出CSV
表 6 各项因子和成本、纯利润之间的关系
Table 6. BG视讯 Relationship between the cost, net profit, and various other factors
项目
Item整地
Soil preparation种子
Seed肥料
Fertilizer农药
Pesticide收割
Harvesting产量
Yield价格
Price地租
Rent运输
Transportation收割与运输
Harvesting and
transportation总投入
Cost0.129 0.349 0.113 –0.155 0.103 0.356 0.343 0.926** 0.831** 0.852** 纯收益
Net profit0.005 0.053 –0.579** –0.018 –0.067 0.647** 0.745** 0.531* 0.589** 0.587** **,P < 0.01; *,P < 0.05. 下载: 导出CSV
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