| 品种 Cultivar | 材料编号 Accession No. | 国家 Country | 来源/系谱 Origin/Pedigree | 登记年份 Registration date |
| Kenhy | PI 434051 | 美国 the United States | 来源于11份多花黑麦草 × 高羊茅远缘杂交后代的无性系 11 42-chromosome Lolium multiflorum × F. arundinacea clones | 1977 |
| Cajun | PI 520749 | 美国 the United States | 来源于品种 AuTriumph Cultivar AuTriumph | 1989 |
| Maximize | PI 549115 | 美国 the United States | 来源于法国西南部的生态型品种 Ecotypes from southeast France | 1993 |
| Kentucky31 | CIho 4677 | 美国 the United States | 来源于肯塔基州牧场的生态型 Ecotype from temperate pasture in Kentucky | 1972 |
| Kenwell | PI 574521 | 美国 the United States | 来源于3个自交系 Three inbred lines | 1968 |
| Alta | PI 600849 | 美国 the United States | 来源于在俄勒冈选育的株系 A 4-year-old plant selection in Oregon. | 1945 |
| Fawn | PI 578715 | 美国 the United States | 由8个无性系综合而来 Temperate 8-clone synthetic | 1974 |
| Martin | PI 586456 | 美国 the United States | 来源于2个广义种群的无性系 2 clones from broad based population. | 1987 |
| Missouri-96 | PI 596701 | 美国 the United States | 来源于13个法国种质的无性系 13 clones from France germplasm | 1979 |
| Forager | PI 600739 | 美国 the United States | 由Kenwell, Fawn, Kentucky 31品种等综合而来 Kenwell, Fawn, Kentucky 31, etc. | 1980 |
| Barcel | PI 600869 | 荷兰 Netherlands | 来源于13个荷兰无性系 13 temperate clones from Netherlands | 1981 |
| Johnstone | PI 601020 | 美国 the United States | 由六倍体材料和2个品种Kenhy的株系杂交而来 Blend of two strains of Kenhy derivatives and 42-chromosome Lolium sp.× F. arundinacea hybrid clones | 1983 |
| Autriumph | PI 601106 | 美国 the United States | 来源于由12种基因型组成的开发授粉群体AF-5 An open pollinated population AF-5 comprised of 12 genotypess | 1983 |
| Willamette | PI 601226 | 美国 the United States | 来源于5个优良亲本无性系的开放授粉后代 AF-5 an open pollinated progeny of five elite parental clones | 1985 |
| Safe | PI 601279 | 美国 the United States | 来源于5个优良亲本无性系的开放授粉后代 Open pollination progenies from five superior parent clones | 1985 |
| Penngrazer | PI 601508 | 美国 the United States | 由Kenhy品种和另2份种抗病抗旱种质综合 Synthesis of disease-resistant and drought-resistant germplasms from Kenhy varieties and two other species | 1988 |
| Cattleclub | PI 601540 | 美国 the United States | 由Kentucky 31种质选育 Breeding from Kentucky 31 germplasm | 1988 |
| Carefree | PI 601731 | 美国 the United States | 由Kentucky 31种质选育 Breeding from Kentucky 31 Germplasm | 1989 |
| Nanryo | PI 639920 | 美国 the United States | 由Houndog、Rutgers和GPTF等品种的株系综合 Line synthesis of Houndog, Rutgers , and GPTF | 2006 |
引用本文:
伍文丹，雷雄，赵文达，杨晓鹏，熊毅，熊艳丽，张新全，马啸. 饲草型高羊茅引进品种的表型变异分析. 草业科学, 2019, 36(10): 2622-2630.
doi:
Citation: WU W D, LEI X, ZHAO W D, YANG X P, XIONG Y, XIONG Y L, ZHANG X Q, MA X. Analysis of phenotypic variation of introduced cultivars of tall fescue. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(10): 2622-2630. doi:
Citation: WU W D, LEI X, ZHAO W D, YANG X P, XIONG Y, XIONG Y L, ZHANG X Q, MA X. Analysis of phenotypic variation of introduced cultivars of tall fescue. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(10): 2622-2630. doi:
饲草型高羊茅引进品种的表型变异分析
摘要:
为了丰富我国高羊茅(Festuca arundinacea)种质资源，选择优良品种及其育种亲本，本研究对19个引进饲草型高羊茅品种的14个表型性状进行了形态性状描述分析、性状间相关分析、主成分分析和聚类分析。结果表明，1)观测的14个表型性状除茎节数外，变异系数均大于10%，表明品种间差异较大、形态多样性高，其中单株鲜重变异系数最大，有利于产草量等性状的选择。2)各个表型性状间存在复杂的相关性，主要表现为植株越高大，产草量性状就越好；而植株茎秆越粗壮，生殖性状表现就越好。3)主成分分析显示植株高度、叶片大小、花序结构、产草量及种子质量是导致饲草型高羊茅表型变异的主要因素。根据主成分分析结果，除Fawn和Kenwell外, 17份高羊茅品种可以分为两大类群，与基于UPGMA法聚类分析的结果一致。两大类中，Ⅰ类群适于种子生产，Ⅱ类群则适于筛选高产品系或亲本。
English
Analysis of phenotypic variation of introduced cultivars of tall fescue
Abstract:
To enrich the germplasm resources of tall fescue (Festuca arundinacea) in China, and select elite varieties and breeding parents, we conducted a series of analyses for 19 introduced cultivars of forage-type tall fescue based on 14 phenotypic traits. The analyses comprised descriptive analysis of morphological traits, correlation analysis between morpho-agronomic characteristics, principal component analysis (PCA) and clustering analysis. The main results were as follows: 1) The coefficients of variation (CV) of most traits were higher than 10%, except for the internode number (IN), which demonstrated great differences and/or high diversity among the studied cultivars, and their benefits to future breeding. Owing to the highest CV found in fresh weight per plant, this character could be used to screen out cultivars with high biomass. 2) There are complex correlations among various morphological traits. The higher the plant, the better the performance of production trait, conversely, the stronger the stem of the plant, the better the reproduction traits. 3) Principal component analysis showed that the plant height, leaf size, inflorescence structure, grass yield and seed quality were the main factors influencing the phenotypic variation of tall fescue. According to the results of principal component analysis, 19 tall fescue cultivars, with the exception of Fawn and Kenwell, could be divided into two groups, which was consistent with the cluster results based on UPGMA method. Of the two groups, cultivars of group Ⅰ are suitable for seed production, whereas cultivars of group Ⅱ are suitable for screening high-yield lines or parents.
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Key words:
- tall fescue /
- phenotypic traits /
- principal component analysis /
- cluster analysis
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BG视讯
图 1 基于表型性状的高羊茅品种的主成分得分二维图
Figure 1. Principal component score plot of 19 tall fescue cultivars by 14 phenotypic descriptors
图 2 基于表型性状的参试高羊茅品种的聚类分析
Figure 2. Clustering Analysis of studied tall fescue cultivars based on phenotypic traits
表 1 BG视讯 供试高羊茅高羊茅品种
Table 1. BG视讯 Tall fescue cultivars used in this study
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表 2 形态性状及测量标准
Table 2. Morphological and agronomic traits and measurement standards
序号 No. 形态性状
Morphological trait测量标准
Measuring method1 株高 Plant height (PH)/cm 抽穗期单株最高处至基部的距离
Distance from the highest to the base of a plant at the heading stage2 旗叶长 Length of flag leaf (LFL)/mm 开花期测量生殖枝旗叶最长处的绝对长度
Measuring the absolute length of the longest flag leaf of reproductive branches at the flowering stage3 旗叶宽 Width of the flag leaf (WFL)/cm 开花期测量生殖枝旗叶的绝对宽度
Measuring the absolute width of flag leaves of reproductive branches at the flowering stage4 营养枝数 Vegetative shoot number (VS) 开花期单株的营养枝数
Number of nutritional branches per plant at the flowering stage5 分蘖数 Tiller number (TN) 每个单株的分蘖数 Number of tillers per plant 6 茎粗 Stem diameter (SD)/mm 花期测量生殖枝的横径
Measuring the transverse diameter of reproductive branches at the flowering stage7 节间长 Length of first internode (LFI)/cm 开花期生殖枝节间的平均长度 Average length of reproductive branches at the flowering stage 8 节数 Number of internode 开花期生殖枝节数 Number of reproductive branches at the flowering stage 9 单株鲜重 Fresh matter yield per plant (FMY)/g 抽穗期单株地上部分鲜重 Fresh weight above-ground part of a single plant 10 单株干重 Dry matter yield per plant (DMY)/g 抽穗期单株地上部分干重 Dry weight of above-ground part of a single plant 11 千粒重 Thousand kernel weight (TKY)/g 单株收获的种子的千粒重 1000-grain weight of seeds harvested per plant 12 花序长 Panicle length (PL)/cm 开花期生殖枝上圆锥花序的长度 Length of panicles on reproductive branches at anthesis 13 小穗数 Spikelets number (SN) 乳熟期穗轴上着生的小穗总数 Total number of spikelets on the spikelet axis at the milky stage 14 小花数 Florets per spikelet number (FN) 乳熟期观测每个小穗所含小花数目
Observation of the number of florets per spikelet at the milky stage
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表 3 参试高羊茅品种表型性状数据统计
Table 3. BG视讯 Descriptive statistics for 14 phenotypic traits of studied tall fescue cultivars
品种
Cultivar株高 PH/cm 旗叶长 LFL/cm 旗叶宽 WFL/mm 营养枝数 VS 分蘖数 TN 茎粗 SD/mm 节间长 LFI/mm 节数 NI 单株鲜重 FMY/kg 单株干重 DMY/kg 花序长 PL/mm 小穗数 SN 小花数 FN 千粒重 TKW/g Fawn 89.10 19.20 5.09 25.67 29.67 3.02 47.07 2.67 0.175 0.070 6.333 27.13 76.00 1.73 Barcel 87.83 21.16 9.88 109.67 114.67 4.55 52.53 3.00 0.310 0.100 5.667 33.40 124.33 2.01 Alta 77.57 21.57 7.79 80.67 90.00 3.64 74.61 2.00 0.155 0.070 6.000 27.57 109.33 1.89 Kenhy 101.57 22.17 8.41 64.00 76.33 4.07 55.77 3.00 0.465 0.148 9.667 30.63 148.00 1.88 Carefree 108.33 27.67 9.66 67.33 74.00 3.54 93.57 3.00 0.335 0.120 6.667 30.90 95.00 1.95 Safe 78.70 20.83 10.8 68.00 78.67 4.17 58.57 2.67 0.255 0.085 6.333 36.27 129.33 2.21 Penngrazer 69.37 17.27 9.15 45.33 51.00 4.35 89.07 3.00 0.115 0.065 6.333 29.83 127.00 2.12 Cajun 97.40 26.70 5.36 71.33 79.33 3.62 84.82 2.33 0.335 0.100 8.000 28.63 83.67 2.09 Martin 80.23 20.24 9.11 29.33 39.00 4.41 42.20 3.00 0.215 0.080 7.333 32.53 121.67 1.76 Willamette 84.70 20.24 3.87 41.33 46.00 3.30 57.04 2.67 0.135 0.060 6.667 21.03 109.67 1.92 Nanryo 89.27 16.97 8.15 45.33 51.00 4.87 69.10 3.00 0.140 0.052 7.000 31.63 135.33 1.84 Missouri-96 93.93 18.43 3.34 25.33 51.00 3.85 96.56 2.67 0.140 0.060 9.333 24.47 107.00 2.13 Maximize 91.23 19.60 5.19 64.67 74.67 3.16 92.63 2.67 0.115 0.065 7.667 23.50 61.33 2.03 Cattleclub 99.13 29.22 5.90 20.00 40.33 3.72 88.88 2.67 0.160 0.060 8.000 30.53 121.00 1.98 Johnstone 96.17 31.77 5.85 20.33 64.00 3.21 100.99 2.67 0.300 0.110 7.000 26.50 107.00 1.89 Kenwell 87.93 27.57 6.89 88.67 96.00 4.17 83.00 2.67 0.155 0.085 7.333 29.50 172.00 1.20 Autriumph 92.87 22.80 8.44 92.00 99.33 4.05 76.85 2.67 0.275 0.100 5.333 25.33 84.67 2.19 Forager 69.27 15.37 6.91 59.67 61.00 4.26 63.13 2.67 0.105 0.045 6.000 23.57 116.67 1.93 Kentucky31 93.10 23.23 8.64 93.00 97.67 4.14 72.13 2.67 0.110 0.070 7.667 28.93 109.00 2.85 平均 Mean 88.83 22.21 7.29 58.51 69.14 3.90 73.61 2.72 0.210 0.081 7.070 28.52 112.53 1.98 最小值 Min 69.27 15.37 3.34 20.00 29.67 3.02 42.20 2.00 0.105 0.045 5.333 21.03 61.33 1.20 最大值 Max 108.33 31.77 10.87 109.67 114.67 4.87 100.99 3.00 0.465 0.148 9.667 36.27 172.00 2.85 标准差 Sd 10.07 4.36 2.08 26.50 23.13 0.50 17.50 0.25 0.10 0.03 1.12 3.74 25.22 0.30 变异系数 CV 11.3% 19.6% 28.5% 45.3% 33.5% 12.7% 23.8% 9.1% 46.9% 31.3% 15.8% 13.1% 22.4% 15.0%
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表 4 BG视讯 各表型性状间的简单相关分析
Table 4. Bivariate correlation analysis of 14 phenotypic traits
性状
Trait株高
PH旗叶长
LFL旗叶宽
WFL营养枝数
VS分蘖数
TN茎粗
SD节间长
LFI节数
NI单株鲜重
FMY单株干重
DMY花序长
PL小穗数
SN小花数
FN千粒重
TKWPH 1.000 LFL 0.645** 1.000 WFL –0.177 –0.048 1.000 VS –0.016 0.015 0.499* 1.000 TN 0.125 0.238 0.435 0.934** 1.000 SD –0.345 –0.366 0.625** 0.328 0.239 1.000 LFI 0.350 0.468* –0.302 –0.113 0.089 –0.300 1.000 NI 0.123 –0.179 0.391 –0.128 –0.187 0.453 –0.212 1.000 FMY 0.551* 0.436 0.323 0.203 0.316 –0.025 –0.104 0.214 1.000 DMY 0.578** 0.524* 0.350 0.289 0.422 –0.084 0.007 0.223 0.945** 1.000 PL 0.496* 0.169 –0.383 –0.322 –0.215 –0.094 0.230 0.092 0.193 0.203 1.000 SN 0.044 0.153 0.771** 0.196 0.189 0.550* –0.266 0.367 0.388 0.337 –0.023 1.000 FN –0.207 0.037 0.362 0.106 0.116 0.646** –0.197 0.312 0.065 0.101 0.164 0.475* 1.000 TKW 0.061 –0.122 0.182 0.202 0.218 0.060 0.102 –0.058 –0.066 –0.074 0.028 –0.005 –0.378 1.000 *, P < 0.05；** , P < 0.01.
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表 5 主成分分析结果汇总
Table 5. Summary of principal component analysis for studied tall fescue cultivars
性状 Trait PC1 PC2 PC3 PC4 PC5 株高 PH 0.058 6 0.483 4 0.098 0 0.171 3 0.102 0 旗叶长 LFL 0.082 6 0.438 2 –0.008 6 –0.296 6 0.077 8 旗叶宽 WFL 0.439 0 –0.159 9 –0.061 9 0.133 9 –0.034 3 营养枝数 VS 0.314 1 –0.023 4 –0.472 0 –0.106 8 0.060 0 分蘖数 TN 0.313 9 0.096 7 –0.466 8 –0.161 4 0.149 0 茎粗 SN 0.317 8 –0.327 3 0.111 6 0.001 7 0.342 3 节间长 LFI –0.148 5 0.278 4 –0.115 5 –0.138 0 0.529 1 节数 NI 0.213 2 –0.086 5 0.405 3 0.336 9 0.022 5 单株鲜重 FMY 0.313 0 0.340 0 0.102 5 0.111 0 –0.312 7 单株干重 DMY 0.322 3 0.373 1 0.055 1 0.043 0 –0.242 1 花序长 PL –0.062 7 0.252 6 0.345 2 0.108 4 0.440 9 小穗数 SN 0.395 7 –0.058 3 0.188 6 0.037 9 0.060 2 小花数 FN 0.262 1 –0.157 2 0.306 4 –0.463 1 0.288 8 千粒重 1 000-KW 0.017 3 –0.002 8 –0.305 9 0.673 0 0.348 1 特征值 Eigenvalue 3.841 7 3.235 8 2.136 9 1.219 9 1.143 2 贡献率
Percentage of variance explained0.274 4 0.231 1 0.152 6 0.087 1 0.081 7 累计贡献率
Cumulative percentage of variance explained0.274 4 0.505 5 0.658 2 0.745 3 0.827 0
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BG视讯表 6 利用t检验比较参试高羊茅品种两个类群的性状值
Table 6. Comparison of the character values of two groups of tall festuca cultivars by T-test
性状 Trait 类群Ⅰ平均值
The average value of Group Ⅰ类群Ⅱ平均值
The average value of Group Ⅱ株高 PH/cm 86.23 ± 11.12 92.03 ± 7.80 旗叶长 LFL/mm 21.25 ± 5.04 23.79 ± 3.11 旗叶宽 WFL/mm 7.15 ± 2.29 7.73 ± 1.78 营养枝数 NFB 41.87 ± 16.99 83.42 ± 22.63** 分蘖数 TN 55.83 ± 13.14 90.71 ± 22.86** 茎粗 SN/mm 4.02 ± 0.49 3.86 ± 0.47 节间长 LFI/mm 72.13 ± 19.14 78.77 ± 15.32 节数 NI 2.80 ± 0.16 2.63 ± 0.29 单株鲜重 FMY/kg 0.20 ± 0.11 0.22 ± 0.09 单株干重 DMY/kg 0.08 ± 0.03 0.09 ± 0.02 花序长 PL/mm 7.37 ± 1.20 6.79 ± 0.91 小穗数 SN 28.70 ± 4.44 28.47 ± 2.76 小花数 FN 122.28 ± 12.50 104.92 ± 30.76** 千粒重 1 000-kw/g 1.97 ± 0.14 2.03 ± 0.41 ** 表示在0.01水平上某性状在两个类群间差异显著。
** indicate significant difference was found between two groups for a trait at the 0.01 level.
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